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Vermilacinia cerebra
''Vermilacinia cerebra'' is a fruticose lichen that grows on trees and shrubs in the fog regions along the Pacific Coast of North America from the Channel Islands and mainland California near Los Angeles to southern Baja California, also occurring in South America in the Antofagasta Province of northern Chile〔Spjut, R. W. 1996. ''Niebla'' and ''Vermilacinia'' (Ramalinaceae) from California and Baja California. Sida〕 The epithet is in reference to the apical swollen lobes that resemble the cerebrum of the brain.
==Distinguishing Features==
''Vermilacinia cerebra'' is classified in the subgenus ''Cylindricaria'' in which it is distinguished from related species by the thallus divided into tubular inflated or somewhat compressed fan-shaped branches.〔 The apical swollen lobes resemble soralia (soredia). The species appears transitional between ''V. cephalota'', which produces soredia, and ''V. leoparidina'' which develops subterminal apothecia, and lacks depsidone lichen substances.〔
''Vermilacinia cerebra'' is also distinct for the longitudinally 3–5 ribbed branches.〔 These features are evident in a 2012 image of the thallus from Palos Verdes Bluffs,〔Enlichenment, “''Niebla ceruchis''”, top image of three, “''Hollinger 4384''”, Palos Verdes Bluffs, Bluff Cove; reference cited here for ''Vermilacinia cerebra'', lower two images show thalli with soralia; they are ''Vermilacinia zebrina''; accessed 5 December 2014; http://www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Niebla%20ceruchis.〕 possibly near the northernmost range of the species on the California mainland.〔 A specimen cited from that location was collected by Hermann Edward Hasse in 1908;〔 the species still growing there 104 years later.
The lichen substances in ''Vermilacinia cerebra'' show a chemosyndrone variation.〔Culberson, W. and C. F. Culberson. 1968. The lichen genera ''Cetrelia'' and ''Platismatia'' (Parmeliaceae). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 34: 447–558.〕〔Culberson, W. L. 1967. Analysis of chemical and morphological variation in the Ramalina siliquosa species complex. Brittonia 19: 333–352.〕〔Culberson, C.F. W.L. Culberson & A. Johnson. 1988. Gene flow in lichens. Amer. J. Bot. 75: 1135–139.〕 These include either (1) salazinic acid, (2) norstictic acid, or (3) unknowns without salazinic acid or norstictic acid. Zeorin and (-)-16 α-hydroxykaurane are the major lichen substances that are always present along with bourgeanic acid and an unknown compound referred to as T3 by its relative position on a thin-layer chromatography plate.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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